Albert Einstein was a German physicist best known for the theory of relativity and specifically mass energy equivalence. He received a Nobel prize for hi contribution to the field of Physics. He worked as a professor in Germany till December, 1932. Though he is a native German, he had to reside in the United States from 1932 till his death.
In January of 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed as the Chancellor of Germany. His administration took many immediate actions and one of the very first of them was the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service. According to this, Jews and politically suspected government employees were removed from their jobs and the people who had showed their loyalty to the government of Germany(which was determined by their participation in the World War I) were spared. Government employees also included the university professors.
In response to this impending threat, in December, 1932, Albert Einstein went to the US. For some years he stayed at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. He also gave guest lectures at Abraham Flexner's then newly founded Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey during the same period.
He bought a house in Princeton and he continued to be an integral contributor to the Institute for Advanced Study(till his death in 1955). In the 1930s and during the World War II, he wrote affidavits recommending visas to United States for the Jews trying to flee from Europe. He raised money for Zionist organizations and is in a way responsible for the formation of the International Rescue Committee in 1933.
In these years in Germany, a campaign was led in Germany demanding to remove Einstein's works from the German books as "unacceptable Jewish Physics". This campaign was led by Nobel laureates Philipp Lenard and Johannes Stark. Some activists even went on a level to publish textbooks and pamphlets, criticizing Einstein and his work. . The lecturers and professors who taught Einstein's theories and work were blacklisted. Nobel laureate Werner Heisenberg was blacklisted as he taught the students the quantum probability. Philipp Lenard even claimed that the mass–energy equivalence formula of Einstein should be credited to Friedrich Hasenohrl if it had to made an Aryan creation.
In 1940, Albert Einstein became a citizen of the United States and he remained there till his death in 1955(though in the meantime he retained his Swiss citizenship).
