But before this the Dalai Lama tried his hardest to bring a peaceful solution to Sino-Tibetan conflict were ruined by Bejing's policy in Eastern Tibet, which ignited an uprising and resistance. This resistance movement spread to other parts of the country. On 10 March 1959 the capital of tibet, Lhasa, exploded with the largest demonstration in Tibetan history, calling on China to leave tibet and restating Tibet's independence. But the tibetan National Uprising was crushed by the Chinese army. The Dalai escaped this seemingly brutal way of life to India where he was given political asylum. Around 80,000 Tibetan refugees followed him into exile. Today, there are more than 120,000 Tibetan in exile. Since 1960, he hasstayed in Dharamsala.
In the early years of exile, the Dalai appealed to the United Nations on the question of Tibet, resulting in three resolutions adopted by the General Assembly in 1959, 1961, and 1965, calling on China to respect the human rights of Tibetans and their desire for self-determination. With the new constituted Tibetan Government-in-exile, The Dalai saw that he needed to save the both the Tibetan exiles and culture. Tibetan refugees were rehabilitated in agricultural settlements. Economic development was promoted and the creation of a Tibetan educational system was established to raise refugee children with full knowledge of their culture. The Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts was established in 1959, while the Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies became a university for Tibetans in India.
But China says that its invasion and occupation of Tibet was designed to liberate Tibetans from medieval feudal serfdom and slavery. Tibetan serfs were thought to have no freedoms. They were regarded by their masters as talking animals. China argues that the masses of Tibetan serfs lived in extreme poverty. Since the liberation in 1959, China asserts that Tibetans have enjoyed all rights of equality and they have embarked on the road of freedom and happiness. China claims that Tibet is now a modernized community benefitting from economic growth and social progress. Millions of serfs are now the masters of their fate, and large numbers of Tibetan workers, intellectuals, and officials have taken up the task of building and managing Tibet. China argues that all Tibetans now have equal rights in politics, the economy, and in their daily life. Tibetans are also said to enjoy full religious freedom. So basically China claims that Tibetans have greatly benefitted from their presence.
So the real reason for the controversy between China and Tibet is that China never constitutionally had and shouldn't have any control over Tibet and their distinct way of life, culture, and people. But people of the P.R.C disagree along with many others, un including me. But Xerab Nyima, a Tibetan scholar also disagrees, she said “it is irrefutable fact that Tibet has not been separate from the motherland since it came under the rule of the Yuan Dynasty 700 years ago.”
Dalai Lama said, “Chinese brothers and sisters, I assure you I have no desire to seek Tibet's separation. Nor do I have any wish to drive a wedge between the Tibetan and Chinese peoples. On the contrary my commitment has always been to find a genuine solution to the problem of Tibet that ensures the long-term interests of both Chinese and Tibetans. My primary concern, as I have repeated time and again, is to ensure the survival of the Tibetan people's distinctive culture, language and identity. As a simple monk who strives to live his daily life according to Buddhist precepts, I assure you of the sincerity of my personal motivation.”
So the problem of the Dalai Lama not being able to take back his position as spiritual and political leader is that The Chinese government states that
