As discussed above the SHELL Model also enable the authorities not to focus on one or two issue and to see the accident on roads as a combination of complex factors interacting and to develop comprehensive strategies, which are more integrated than a piecemeal solution and also creates a culture
prevention of accident becomes a norm.
In New South Wales, the youth are over represented in road crashes due to speeding and other driver behavior. In addition, as discussed above motorcycle use in off-road conditions and scooters are in increasing in the NSW roads and motorcycle crashes off-road are more compared to on road motorcycle crashes. In addition, drink driving and driver distraction as discussed above are also major causes of accidents on NSW roads. As well, in Rural NSW the road conditions, inadequate trauma and medical service can be major causes of severe road fatalities. In addition, in urban areas also road conditions in major roads in combination with driver behavior can be a cause of road accidents. In NSW urban areas traffic congestion in some major roads, inadequate use of engineering solutions to in vehicle and off vehicle technical transportation systems to monitor speeding as well as driver error warning systems may be a cause of accidents particularly in youth in NSW road accidents. The severe injuries also can be caused by not wearing seat belts and other inadequate enforcement of law by police for these offences and also due to careless behavior on the part of driver and vehicle occupants. In addition, the vehicle design features and in vehicle safety technology may be ineffective and may be a cause of severe injuries in some vehicles such as air bags and automatic speed controls devices and more resilient car design, which protects its occupants from severe crashes. As discussed above, pedestrians also can be a source of accident as an environmental factor and the behavior of other road users may be also can be a cause of accidents in urban and rural areas.
There fore using the SHELL model targeted strategies directed towards youth, drink driving, distractive behavior, fatigue and fatigue perception of drivers, not wearing seat belts, speeding behavior of all vehicles and motorcycle behavior on and off road, scooter riders behavior on road, pedestrians behavior at certain pedestrian crossings in rural and urban areas as a live ware must be understood by appropriately funded research in these areas having in mind that the causes can be a combination of software which consists of licensing system, penalty system, education of road users, speeding campaigns, traffic law enforcement by police environmental factors such as road conditions, weather conditions, inadequate fatigue break points on the road system for some vehicle users, traffic congestion, peer group pressure, variety of vehicle use and demographic factors and economic factors as well due to the hard ware that is the road system in physical sense the entire physical road infrastructure. By a combination of these interacting factors by understanding and changing driver behavior particularly in appropriate and risky behavior using the Shell Model can be a tool to develop cost effective and achievable goals and also can evaluate existing strategies to make them more effective as well as improve co-ordination.
